This research explores the challenges women candidates of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) had
faced during the 2013 and 2018 general elections for reserved and general seats in Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. The qualitative research design was employed using thematic
analysis of interviews with eight female party members. This thesis uses Gender Organization
Theory which reveals male dominance in parties rooted in patriarchal ideology while analyzing
male gatekeeping as critical factor that hinder meaningful political representation of women.
Although through the implementation of reserved quotas by Pakistan Tehreek-i-Insaaf (PTI), there
was not decision-making power. Reserved quotas enhanced the numbers of women; they did not
guarantee their substantive participation or ability to make decisions. There is a major gap between
formal mechanisms of representation of gender, and the internal party culture that perpetuates male
dominance, clearly revealed in the study. The patriarchal norms and gate keeping by male
colleagues in the party make challenge for women, resulting in weak representation of women
which shows weak empowerment of women. Such findings provide new understanding on how
organizational practices of the Pakistani political parties, especially the PTI, work against the
objectives of gender-inclusive democratic reform.
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